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威望
轻币 枚
XD 个
注册时间2007-7-10
最后登录1970-1-1
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关于政治体系,我只能给你一个基本框架,具体的自己查吧。要是说太多就和谐了。另外推荐一个叫“文明(Civilization)”的游戏,现在出到第四代,玩过以后可以对世界史有大体的印象。(貌似中文版的翻译被和谐过了,推荐英文版)。一下子找不到完整的中文资料,自己慢慢翻译吧。^_^
以下引用自 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government
Types of government
* Monarchy - Rule by an individual who has inherited the role and expects to bequeath it to their heir.[5]
* Despotism - Rule by a single leader, all his or her subjects are considered his or her slaves.
* Dictatorship - Rule by an individual who has full power over the country.[6] See also Autocracy and Stratocracy.
* Oligarchy - Rule by a small group of people who share similar interests or family relations.[7]
* Plutocracy - A government composed of the wealthy class.
* Democracy - Rule by a government where the people as a whole hold the power. It may be exercised by them (direct democracy), or through representatives chosen by them (representative democracy).[8][9][10]
* Theocracy - Rule by a religious elite.[11]
* Anarchy - Absence, or lack of government.[12][13]
以下引用自 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government
Alphabetical list with hierarchy
The following list groups major political systems (recognized by political science) in alphabetical order. The various subtype political systems are listed below the main system of government.
* Anarchism
o Anarcho-communism
o Anarcho-capitalism
o Eco-anarchism
o Anarcho-primitivism
o Anarcho-socialism
o Anarcho-syndicalism
o Isocracy
* Authoritarianism (Autocracy or Oligarchy)
o Absolutism
+ Enlightened absolutism
o Aristocracy
o Corporatism
o Despotism
o Diarchy
o Dictatorship
+ Military dictatorship
+ Benevolent dictatorship
o Gerontocracy
o Hagiarchy
o Kakistocracy
o Kleptocracy
o Matriarchy
o Meritocracy
o Monarchy
+ Absolute monarchy
+ Constitutional monarchy
+ Feudalism
+ Despotate
+ Duchy
# Grand Duchy
+ Elective monarchy
+ Emirate
+ Hereditary monarchy
+ Popular monarchy
+ Principality
+ New Monarchs
+ Self-proclaimed monarchy
+ Viceroyalty
o Patriarchy
+ Patrimonalism
o Plutocracy
+ Timocracy
o Police state
+ Corporate police state
o Robocracy
o Theocracy (hierocracy)
+ Caliphate
+ Halachic state
+ Holy See
+ Islamic republic
+ Sultanate
o Totalitarianism
+ Fascism
+ Single-party state
o Tyranny
o Technocracy (bureaucratic)
* Democracy
o Deliberative democracy
o Democratic republic
o Direct democracy
o Participatory democracy
o Representative democracy
+ Parliamentary system
# Westminster system
# Consensus government
+ Presidential system (Congressional system)
+ Semi-presidential system
o Republicanism (Republic)
+ Presidential republic
+ Parliamentary republic
+ Constitutional republic
o Totalitarian democracy [edit] By approach to regional autonomy
This list focuses on differing approaches that political systems take to the distribution of sovereignty, and the autonomy of regions within the state.
* Sovereignty located exclusively at the centre
o Empire
o Unitary state
* Sovereignty located at the centre and in peripheral areas
o Federation and Federal republic [edit] By political franchise
This list shows a division based on differences in political franchise (suffrage).
* anarchy - rule by no one
* democracy - rule by majority
* republic - rule by law
* oligarchy - rule by minority
* autocracy - rule by one |
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